Zotsatira za kubowola ndi faifi tambala pa Kutentha kwa Kutentha Kukaniza kwa 4Cr5Mo2V Die Casting Die Steel

4Cr5 Mo2V ndichitsulo chofera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pochita zotayidwa zotayidwa, chifukwa cha kukokoloka ndi kumatira kwa aluminiyamu yosungunuka, nkhunguyo idzawonongeka, monga kutenthedwa kwa matenthedwe ndi kusungunuka kwa matenthedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwake komanso kulephera msanga.

Pofuna kudziwa ngati faifi tambala kapena kuuma kungathandize kusintha kutentha kwa kutentha kwa zotayidwa za aluminium alloy die-casting, 4Cr5 Mo2V chitsulo ndi 4Cr5Mo2V mayeso azitsulo okhala ndi 1% Ni ndi 1% Co (kachigawo kakang'ono) adakonzedwa, ndipo adakulungidwa pambuyo pake Kuthetsa ndi kutentha. Mu kufa kokhazikika kwa nkhungu yoponyera kufa, ADC12 aloyi ya aluminiyamu yokhala ndi kutentha kwa 800 ℃ pambuyo pake idaponyedwa nthawi 200 mpaka 1,000, ndipo kafukufuku wamaphunziro a macro ndi kuuma kwapamwamba kwa mayeso oyesedwa adayesedwa.

Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti pambuyo poti zotayidwa za aluminiyamu zife maulendo 1,000, mayeso oyeserera a 4Cr5Mo2V amamatira ku aluminium kwambiri ndipo amatulutsa ming'alu yochepa kwambiri; Chitsulo chokhala ndi chitsulo chomwe chimakhala ndi Ni chimatsata pang'ono zotayidwa, ndipo choyezetsa chachitsulo chomwe chimakhala ndi Co chimatsata zotayidwa pang'ono, posonyeza kuti zomwe zili mu 1% Co 4Cr5Mo2V chitsulo ndizabwino kwambiri kuwononga matenthedwe a aluminiyamu omwe amaponyedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, poyerekeza ndi kuuma asanaponyedwe zotayidwa za aluminiyamu, pambuyo poponya maulendo 1,000, kulimba kwa 4Cr5Mo2V chitsulo, zopangira faifi tambala komanso zowuma 4Cr5Mo2V zazitsulo zidatsika ndi 2.8, 1.8 ndi 1.4 HRC, ndiye kuti, angapo kufa akuponya kasakaniza wazitsulo zotayidwa. Zotsatira zoyipa zakuthambo kwa chitsulo chokhala ndi faifi tambala ndi 4Cr5Mo2V ndizocheperako kuposa chachitsulo cha 4Cr5Mo2V, chomwe chimakhudzana ndi njira yolimba yolimbikitsira mphamvu ya Co ndi Ni, yomwe ndiyabwino kukonza kukana kukokoloka kwa zotayidwa kwa madzi nkhungu ndikupangitsa kuti nkhunguyo isatengeke ndi kutentha.

Zotayidwa kufa kuponyera ndi zovuta kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kuwonongeka kwa matenthedwe (kuphatikiza matenthedwe ndi kutentha kwa matenthedwe) magwiridwe antchito a zotayidwa za aloyi zotayidwa. Pakati pawo, kapangidwe kazitsulo zotentha ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Nthawi zonse, kulephera kwa kufa kuponyera kumwalira chifukwa chokhwima ndi kupindika kwa pulasitiki kungapewedwe. Kutsekemera kwa nkhungu nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa chodzidzimutsa mwangozi kapena kuzizira kwamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi nkhawa zambiri. Kutentha koyambirira kwakatundu ndikutayika kwamagetsi (kuwonongeka kwa matenthedwe) a nkhungu zopangira kufa ndi njira zazikulu zolephera, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhudzika. 4Cr5Mo2V zitsulo ndi ntchito yotentha ntchito kufa zitsulo, ndi wabwino avale kukana ndi mapindikidwe pulasitiki mapindikidwe. Kubowola ndi faifi tambala amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zinthu, zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera mphamvu ndi kuuma kwazitsulo, ndipo zimathandizira pakuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwa matenthedwe. Chifukwa chake, chitsulo cha 4Cr5Mo2V, 4Cr5Mo2V chokhala ndi 1% Ni ndi 1% Co (gawo lachigawo, chimodzimodzi pansipa) amaphunziridwa. Kukana kwazitsulo kuwonongeka kwa zotayidwa ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kupanga.

Komabe, njira zambiri zowerengera kutentha kwazitsulo zoponyera zakufa pakamwa ndizoyesa kutentha ndi kuzizira. Chitsulo chachitsulo chosakhudzana sichimalumikizana ndi zotayidwa zosungunuka, ndipo sichimakhudza kukwapula kwa zotayidwa zosungunuka, monga kutenthetsa kwachindunji kwazitsulo zazitsulo. -A. Pepala ili, zigawo zitatu zoyeserera nkhungu zazitsulo zidakonzedwa ndikuphatikizidwa mu nkhungu yopangira kufa kuti ayese mayeso a ADC12 aloyi a aluminium. Kuwonongeka kwa zotayidwa chosungunula.

Zipangizo 1.Test Ndipo Njira

1.1 Zida Zoyesera

Makina azitsulo za 4Cr5Mo2V zitsulo, 4Cr5Mo2V chitsulo chomwe chili ndi 1% Ni (yomwe pano idzatchedwa 4Cr5Mo2V + Ni chitsulo) ndi 4Cr5 Mo2V chitsulo chomwe chili ndi 1% Co (chomwe pambuyo pake chimadziwika kuti 4Cr5Mo2V + Co chitsulo) chikuwonetsedwa mu Table 1. Kuyesedwa kunali kuponyedwa ndi ADC12 Makina opanga aloyi a aluminiyamu akuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 2.

1.2 Njira Yoyesera

Chitsulo chosungunuka cha 4Cr5Mo2V chitsulo, 4Cr5Mo2V + Ni chitsulo ndi 4Cr5Mo2V + Co chitsulo chidakonzedwa m'miyeso yoyeserera monga zikuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 1. Atazimitsa zingalowe, adayatsidwa kawiri, ndikuwuma pafupifupi 47 HRC, komanso malo abwino kuti achotse sikelo ya oxide.

Chiwerengero cha gulu loyeserera chimalowetsedwa mu poyambira la nkhungu lokhazikika, ndipo mphako wa zotayidwa zotayidwa zimayikidwa muchikombole chosunthika, monga zikuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 2. A 500 t yopingasa chipinda chozizira chozizira ndipo nkhungu yodziyimira payokha idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kufa kwa pepala la aloyi la ADC12, ndipo aloyi ya aluminiyamu idagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kutentha kwa aluminiyamu yosungunuka ndikokwera, 800 ° C, kuti tiwonjezere mayeso (makamaka, kutentha kwa kufa kwa ADC12 aloyi aluminium ndi (650 120) ° C). Popeza kutentha kwa aluminiyamu yosungunuka ndi 800 ℃, komwe sikufikira malo osungunuka a Fe-A1 intermetallic compound, kompositiyo imakhalapo mu aluminiyamu yosungunuka ngati zonyansa zitagwa. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kwa aluminiyamu yosungunuka kumapangitsanso kuwonjezeka kwa zosafunika ndikulimbitsa zotayidwa. Kukwapula kwamadzi, potero kumathandizira kuyesa.

Pambuyo poyesa kufa, makina oonera ma stereo adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ayang'anire cholumikizira cha aluminiyamu pamwamba pa chipikacho; maikulosikopu kopitilira muyeso-kwa-munda anagwiritsidwa ntchito kupitiriza kuona mlingo wa guluu wolimba zotayidwa ndipo ngati panali ming'alu padziko chipika mayeso.

Zotsatira Zoyesa Ndi Kuwunika

2. 1 Pamwamba pa Morphology Ya The Block Block

2.1.1 Pamwamba Kumata Aluminiyamu

Chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe akapangidwe kazitsulo zazitsulo zitatu popanda kuponyera ndikufa ndipo patatha nthawi 600,1000 akuponya. Zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera pa Chithunzi 3 (b, e, h) kuti patadutsa maulendo 600 akuponya, 4Cr5Mo2V chitsulo choyesera chimakhala ndi zotayidwa kwambiri.

Chiyeso chachitsulo cha 4Cr5Mo2V + Co chachitsulo chimamatira ku aluminiyamu yocheperako. Chithunzi 3 (c, f, i) chikuwonetsa kuti kumatira kwa aluminiyumu pamwamba pamiyeso itatuyo kudakulirakulira patadutsa 1,000 kuponyera. Pamwamba pa 4Cr5Mo2V zitsulo zoyeserera zili ndi zomatira zowoneka bwino za aluminiyamu, pomwe mayeso ena awiriwa amakhala ndi zomatira zazing'ono zama aluminiyamu. Kuyesa kwazitsulo kwa 4Cr5Mo2V + Co Chotupa cha aluminiyamu ndi chaching'ono komanso chofanana, kuwonetsa kuti chitsulo cha 4Cr5Mo2V chomwe chili ndi diamondi chimatha kulimbana ndi zotayidwa zamadzimadzi, pomwe chitsulo cha 4Cr5Mo2V ndiye choyipa kwambiri. Kuwonjezera kwa kubowola ndi faifi tambala zinthu ndi opindulitsa kuti ziziyenda kutentha kwambiri kuuma kwa kufa zitsulo 9-10, ndi pamwamba si kophweka "kufewetsa" pamene kukhudzana mobwerezabwereza ndi zotayidwa osungunula, kotero madzi kukana zotayidwa kukana ndi bwino, ndi zomatira zotayidwa ndi pang'ono. Poyesa kufa, zotayidwa zosungunuka zimalowa mumimbamo kuti zikalumikizane ndi poyeserera, ndipo mawonekedwe osayenerera a block test, malo opangira makina ndi madera ena akumamatira pang'ono ku aluminium. Aluminiyamu yomwe ili m'mbali mwa aluminiyamu imalumikizidwa ndi chitsulo chopangira Fe.} Al brittle wapakatikati, womwe udasweka ndikuwombedwa pansi pokwapulidwa kwa madzi othamanga kwambiri a aluminiyamu, zomwe zimabweretsa maenje pamtunda, ndi zina zambiri kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa aluminium pansi pakukwapulidwa kwa madzi a aluminium.

2.1.2 Ming'alu Yapamwamba

Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa kuzama kwambiri kwa kafukufuku wamakhalidwe a 4Cr5Mo2V chitsulo, 4Cr5Mo2V + Ni chitsulo ndi 4Cr5Mo2V + Co zoyeserera zazitsulo pambuyo pa nthawi 1,000 zoponyera kufa. Zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera Mkuyu 4 (a) kuti pali tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagawidwa pamtunda pafupifupi wa 4 Cry Mot V test block block. Chotsatira cha aluminiyamu ndi zotayidwa zosungunuka zimachita ndi chitsulo kuti apange Fe.} Al compounds. Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa matenthedwe a Fe.} Al ndiwosiyana ndi a masanjidwewo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono topezeka mu aluminium ndi Fe.} Al ndi mankhwala. Kukwapula kwa aluminiyamu yosungunuka kumapangitsa kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tifalikire, ndipo zotayidwa zosungunuka zimalowerera mng'aluwo ndikuchitanso zinthu zina ndi matrix kupanga mankhwala a Fe 2 Al. Pochita izi mobwerezabwereza, Fe.} Zipangizo zonse pamwamba pa poyeserera zimachotsedwa ndikupanga maenje. Pambuyo pokola ndi kuyeretsa kwa akupanga, pamwamba pamiyeso pamayeso amafanana ndi ukonde ngati zotayidwa zamadzimadzi. Chithunzi 4 (b, c) chikuwonetsa kuti palibe ming'alu mu 4Cr5Mo2V + Co chitsulo ndi 4Cr5Mo2V + Ni zitsulo zoyesera, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezera kwa kubowola kwa 1% kapena molybdenum sikungathe kuchepetsa kulumikizana kwa aluminium, komanso kuchepetsa chizolowezi chokhotakhota cha nkhungu ndikuwongolera kukana kwa zotayidwa Phula kuwonongeka kwa ntchito. Kuwonjezera pa faifi tambala ndi diamondi sanali carbide kupanga zinthu akhoza kusintha mkulu-kutentha kuuma kwa nkhungu, ndi diamondi akhoza kulimbikitsa kupezeka ndi mpweya wa carbide molybdenum pa ndondomeko tempering, ndi kumapangitsanso mpweya oipa mphamvu 'z-} 3. Kafukufuku wolemba Ling Qian et al. yawonetsa kuti kuwonjezera kwa zinthu zolimbitsa austenite kufa-kuponyera zitsulo kumatha kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa nkhawa. Zobowola zonse ndi faifi tambala ndi zinthu zomwe zimakulitsa dera la austenite, chifukwa chake 4Cr5Mo2V + Ni chitsulo ndi 4Cr5Mo2V + Co chitsulo choponyera nkhungu sizimangokhala ming'alu.

Chitsulo chosungunula chomwe chimapangidwira ndikulimba chimakhala cholimba kwambiri polimbana ndi nkhungu. Malinga ndi chiwonetsero cha gawo la Fe-A1, mankhwala a Fe-Al omwe amapangidwa ndi zotengera zachitsulo ndi zotayidwa kwambiri ndi FeAlz, Fez A15, FeA13, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe ndizopepuka. patukani masanjidwewo ndikulowetsa zotayidwa zosungunuka pansi pa kuponyedwa kwa zotayidwa zosungunuka, ndikusiya maenje pamwamba pa nkhungu. Kuphatikiza kwa gawo la aloyi ya aluminiyamu ndi maenje a nkhungu ndi olimba ndipo sikugwa, ndipo amapanganso mankhwala a Fe A1. Aluminiyamu, Fe.} Al ndi mankhwala omwe amamatira pamenepo amatha kukhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono panthawi yozizira. Pepala loponyera limakhala ndi zotayidwa zochepa, motero limangolimba msanga, ndipo zomwe zimachitika pakati pa nkhungu ndi zotayirira zamadzi ndizochedwa. Chifukwa chake, pamwamba pamiyeso pamakhala maenje ochepa chifukwa cha Fe ndi Al, ndipo zotayidwa zambiri zimapangidwa ndi kukokoloka kwa madzi a aluminiyamu.

2. 2 Kuuma Kwambiri

Table 3 ndi phindu pafupifupi kuuma padziko atatu kufa zitsulo zitsulo mayesero pambuyo nthawi zosiyanasiyana kuponyera kufa. Zomwe zili mu Gulu 3 zikuwonetsa kuti kuuma kwapamwamba kwamitundu itatu yoyeserera kumachepa pang'ono. Monga chiwerengero cha amatha kufa akuponya ukuwonjezeka, ndi ofanana ndi tempering mobwerezabwereza za chipika mayeso, kotero kuuma amachepetsa. Pambuyo nthawi 1,000 kuponyera, kuwuma kwa 4Cr5Mo2V + Co koyesa kwazitsulo kuli ndi kutsika kocheperako, komwe ndi 1.4 HRC; Chitsulo choyesera chachitsulo cha 4Cr5Mo2V chatsika kwambiri.

Mwachidziwikire, yatsika ndi 2. 8 HRC; kuuma pamwamba pa 4Cr5Mo2V + Ni zitsulo mayeso chipika watsika ndi 1. 8 HRC. Kuuma kolimba kwa nkhungu kumathandiza kuchepetsa zotayidwa, ndiko kuti, ndizothandiza kukana kuwonongeka kwa kutentha.

Pambuyo pa kutentha kwakanthawi kwazitsulo zakufa, martensite imawola ndipo ma carbide achiwiri amakhala olimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kuwuma. Onse kubowola ndi faifi tambala ndi sanali carbide kupanga zinthu, amene akhoza m'malo Fe maatomu kuti chitsulo olimba njira kulimbitsa '5 kuti' 8, kuti nkhungu ali apamwamba kutentha mphamvu ndi kupitiriza kuuma apamwamba pambuyo mobwerezabwereza Kutentha mofulumira ndi kuzirala. China Die Casting Association yaphunzira za kagawidwe kazitsulo mu Cr-Mo-V-Ni yachitsulo yomwe yazimitsidwa komanso kupsa mtima, ndipo yapeza kuti mkati mwa kutentha, zinthu za Ni zidzalimbikitsidwa mozungulira ma carbides, potero zimalepheretsa ma atomu a kaboni mu ferrite mozungulira Kufalikira kosalekeza kwa ma carbides kumapangitsa mphamvu ya carbide kuzizira, kumalepheretsa kukula kwa ma carbides, potero kumachepetsa kuuma kwa chitsulo chomwe chili ndi 4Cr5Mo2V chitsulo, ndikuthandizira kukana kuwonongeka kwa aluminiyamu wosungunuka.

The China Die Casting Association yaphunzira kukhazikika kwamatenthedwe ndi kusintha kwa ma microstructure yazitsulo zakufa ndi 1% Ni komanso popanda Ni, ndipo adapeza kuti kumapeto kwa mayeso amadzimadzi, nickel ichepetsa kuuma kwa chitsulo chofera, motero chitsulo cholimba kwambiri Kugonana. Kubowola ndichinthu chomwe chimakulitsa gawo la austenite. Kuwonjezera kubowola kuti 4Cr5Mo2V zitsulo akhoza kulimbikitsa kuvunda kwa carbides pa ndondomeko austenitization, kuonjezera mpweya zili austenite, ndi kuonjezera bata wa austenite, potero kuwonjezera austenite anakhalabe Kuchuluka kwa tensite ndi kuuma kwa martensite, ndi kubowola akhoza kulimbikitsa kupezeka ndi mpweya wa carbide molybdenum pa ndondomeko tempering, ndi kumapangitsanso mpweya kuumitsa zotsatira z'-1.

Kulimbitsa mphamvu ya faifi tambala ndi kubowola pamatumbo kumapangitsa kuti zitsulo zoyeserera zikhale ndi malo owuma kwambiri pambuyo pokwapulidwa mobwerezabwereza kwa zotayidwa zosungunuka, kotero kuti zimatha kulimbana ndi kukokoloka, komwe kumathandizira kukonza kukana kwa mayeso kuwonongeka kwa zotayidwa chosungunula. Kuuma kwapamwamba pamayeso oyeserera komanso mulingo wazolumikiza za aluminiyamu zikuwonetsanso (onani Chithunzi 3, Gulu 3): Chitsulo choyeserera chachitsulo cha 4Cr5 Mo2V chimakhala ndi maenje ochepera komanso zotetezera zotayidwa patatha nthawi 1,000 zoponyera, ndiko kuti, kukana kuwonongeka kwa aluminiyamu ndikoyenera. Chifukwa chake, kulimbikitsanso kowonjezera 1% Co pazitsulo ndikokulirapo kuposa kuwonjezera 1% Ni, zonsezi zomwe zingathandize kukonza kuwonongeka kwa anti-aluminium kwa die steel.

3.Conclusion

• Pambuyo pakuponyera zotayidwa nthawi 1 000, 4Cr5 Mo2V chitsulo chachitsulo chobowola chimamangirira aluminiyamu yocheperako, ndipo 4Cr5Mo2V chitsulo chachitsulo chimamatira zotayidwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti, 4Cr5 Mo2V chitsulo chobowola chimakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino kwambiri.
• Pambuyo kufa-akuponya aloyi zotayidwa maulendo 1,000, kuuma kwapamwamba kwa 4Cr5Mo2V chitsulo, 4Cr5Mo2V + Ni chitsulo ndi 4Cr5Mo2V + Co zoyeserera zazitsulo zidatsika ndi 2.8, 1.8 ndi 1.4 HRC, ndiye kuti, kuwonjezera kwa faifi tambala kapena kubowola kumatha kusintha kwambiri kukana kuwonongeka kwa matenthedwe wa 4Cr5Mo2V kufa-akuponya kufa zitsulo.

Chonde sungani komwe adachokera ndi adilesi iyi kuti musindikizenso:  Zotsatira za kubowola ndi faifi tambala pa Kutentha kwa Kutentha Kukaniza kwa 4Cr5Mo2V Die Casting Die Steel

Minghe Kampani Yoponyera ali odzipereka kupanga ndi kupereka zabwino ndi magwiridwe antchito a Kutayira Mbali (zitsulo zoponyera magawo osiyanasiyana zimaphatikizapo Woonda-Wall Die kuponyera,Kutentha Kwambiri Kuponyera,Cold Chamber Die Casting), Round Service (Ntchito Yoponyera Akafa,Cnc Machining,Kupanga Zinthu, Pamwamba pa Chithandizo) .Mtundu uliwonse wa Aluminium die kuponyera, magnesium kapena Zamak / zinc kufa kuponyera ndi zofunikira zina ndizolandilidwa kuti mutilankhule.

Motsogozedwa ndi ISO9001 ndi TS 16949, Njira zonse zimachitika kudzera pamakina opanga makina otsogola, makina a 5-axis, ndi malo ena, kuyambira ma blasters mpaka makina ochapira a Son Son.Minghe alibe zida zapamwamba komanso ali ndi akatswiri gulu la akatswiri odziwa ntchito ndi oyang'anira kuti mapangidwe kasitomala akwaniritsidwe.

Wopanga mgwirizano wopanga kufa. Mphamvu zimaphatikizapo magawo ozizira a aluminium die akuponya kuchokera ku 0.15 lbs. mpaka 6 lbs., kusintha mwachangu kukhazikitsidwa, ndi makina. Ntchito zowonjezera zimaphatikizapo kupukuta, kunjenjemera, kudodometsa, kuwombera mfuti, kupenta, zokutira, zokutira, msonkhano, ndi zida. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizophatikiza ma alloys monga 360, 380, 383, ndi 413.

Zinc kufa kuponyera kapangidwe ka ntchito / ntchito zofananira zamakono. Makonda opanga mwatsatanetsatane wa zinc kufa. Kuponyera kwakung'ono, kuponyedwa mwamphamvu, kuponyedwa kosiyanasiyana, zopangidwa ndi nkhungu, mayendedwe amtundu ndi odziyimira payokha komanso zotsekera zotsekedwa zimatha kupangidwa. Zokongoletsa zimatha kupangidwa kutalika ndi mulifupi mpaka 24 mkati. Mu +/- 0.0005 in. Kulolerana.  

ISO 9001: 2015 wopanga wa magnesium wamtundu wakufa, Mphamvu zake zimaphatikizapo kuponyera kwa magnesium kufa mpaka 200 ton chipinda chotentha & 3000 chipinda chozizira, kupanga zida, kupukuta, kuumba, kusinthanitsa, ufa & kupaka kwamadzi, QA yathunthu ndi kuthekera kwa CMM , msonkhano, kulongedza & kutumiza.

ITAF16949 yotsimikizika. Ntchito Yowonjezera Yowonjezera Phatikizani kuponyedwa kwa ndalama,kuponya mchenga,Kukongoletsa, Anataya zathovu kuponyera,Kuponyera kwamakedzana,Kuponyera Kutulutsa,Permanent Mold KuponyeraZolimba zimaphatikizaponso EDI, thandizo la uinjiniya, kutengera kolimba komanso kukonza kwina.

Akuponya Makampani Zolemba Pazigawo za: Magalimoto, Mabasiketi, Ndege, Zida zoyimbira, Watercraft, Zipangizo zamagetsi, Sensor, Models, Zipangizo zamagetsi, Zitseko, Mawotchi, Makina, Ma Injini, Mipando, Zodzikongoletsera, Ma Jigs, Telecom, Kuunikira, Zipangizo Zachipatala, Zithunzi za zithunzi, Ma Robot, Ziboliboli, Zomvera, Zida Zamasewera, Zida, Zoseweretsa ndi zina zambiri. 

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By Wopanga Minghe Die Casting | Magulu: Nkhani Zothandiza |Zofunika Tags: Zotayidwa kuponyera, Kutaya Zinc, Kuponyera Magnesium, Kutumiza Titanium, Kuponya Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, Kutayira Mkuwa,Kuponyera Mkuwa,Akuponya Video,Mbiri ya Kampani,Zotayidwa Die kuponyera | Ndemanga Off